Our sources

For many products we state an indicative CO2 saving compared with the conventional, non-sustainable alternative. This page shows what those estimates are based on, for full transparency.

Important: our figures are estimates with a range, derived from public life-cycle studies and the sources below. They are explicitly not certified measurements of a specific item. The actual saving depends on how you use a product and on what you replace. See also our methodology and terms of use.

General method & life-cycle assessment (LCA)

The basis under every CO2 comparison: how you measure a product's impact across its whole life (raw material, production, transport, use, waste).

Price & saving (true pricing)

Alongside a CO2 saving, some products also show an indicative euro amount for avoided environmental costs, and a tangible comparison (car kilometres, a tree's CO2 uptake). The euro figure is not a shop price, it's a societal cost estimate.

Food

For claims about plant-based alternatives, meat substitutes and food waste.

Clothing & textiles

For claims about cotton, recycled fibres, second-hand and fast fashion.

Electronics & appliances

For claims about refurbished devices, longer use and energy consumption.

Spotted something we can improve?

We keep this list current on purpose. If you see a claim you can back up, or debunk, with a better source, let us know via the newsletter page. Corrections only make the list stronger.

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